17/7/08

Nanogap en El País


Nanogap es una empresa gallega peculiar. Con seis investigadores en plantilla, el año pasado su producción no llegó a pesar más que un kilo. Un kilo compuesto por nanopartículas. Por exótico que pueda parecer, se trata de una de las cinco pymes españolas que se dedican en exclusiva a la nanotecnología, un campo que controla y manipula la materia a una escala menor que un micrómetro, es decir, en el ámbito de átomos y moléculas.

La empresa nace en 2006 del trabajo de dos doctores de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela: Arturo López Quintela, catedrático de Física y Química y José Rivas. Este último, además de catedrático de Física aplicada, es director del futuro Instituto de Nanotecnología Hispano-Luso en Braga. Ambos lograron la patente para producir clusters cuánticos atómicos, que son grupos de dos a 50 átomos.

"A efectos prácticos, se trata de partículas muy, muy pequeñas, que están por debajo del nanómetro" explica Luis Manuel Alonso, director comercial de Nanogap. Y se esfuerza en aclararlo: "Si la nanotecnología se entiende como todo lo que va de uno a 100 nanómetros, lo que hacemos aquí está a una escala menor". Añade que son los primeros que lo han logrado en el mundo: "El mérito no sólo está en hacer partículas pequeñas, sino que somos capaces de jugar bien con los tamaños". Y, ¿para qué? Las aplicaciones de la nanotecnología suenan muy bien: se espera que en el futuro sirva para crear fármacos que no tengan efectos secundarios o tratamientos contra el cáncer (nanopartículas que, combinadas con calor, quemen tumores). También se habla de catalizadores milagrosos para gasolinas e incluso de hormigones para construcción que se autorreparen cuando se abra una grieta.

La empresa se dedica a producir nanopartículas metálicas y dentro de ellas, principalmente las de plata, de oro y las magnéticas. Las primeras pueden utilizarse para aumentar la conductividad de los materiales y para dotarlos de propiedades antimicrobianas: por ejemplo, en una pintura que se aplique a un casco de un barco y que impida que se peguen algas. "Si hablamos de desarrollos curiosos pero factibles, podríamos llegar a pensar en imprimir el circuito de un reproductor MP3 en una camisa y escuchar música a través de ella".

Las nanopartículas de óxidos de hierro que producen en Nanogap también pueden aplicarse para obtener pigmentos de alto poder de cobertura (que permiten utilizar menos pintura para cubrir lo mismo) o lo que llaman absorbedor de radiación ultravioleta visible que, aplicado en forma de barniz, impide que un material se decolore por efecto del sol.

Sus clientes son empresas químicas enfocadas al sector de la construcción, sobre todo de Inglaterra y Alemania. "En España todavía estamos en la fase de la expectación que levanta la nanotecnología" asegura Luis Manuel. "Buscamos más un cliente de tipo industrial. Tenemos que ir a lugares donde la industria sea consciente de que puede utilizar nanotecnología". Ni la distancia ni su ubicación en Galicia les resultan un problema a la hora de exportar sus nanopartículas.

Su objetivo a corto plazo es producir muchos más kilos de nanopartículas, porque "la industria de materiales es una industria de miles de toneladas y tenemos que ser capaces de producir para ellos". A medio plazo, participan en un proyecto llamado fluoromag junto con el Instituto de Biofísica de Goettingen (Alemania), la Universidad de Twente (Holanda), la Universidad de Nottingham (Reino Unidos) y la compostelana. Su investigación, en la que se utiliza la nanotecnología, persigue detectar un virus dentro del cuerpo humano en tiempo real inyectado con unas partículas fluorescentes. El proyecto está financiado con 2,5 millones por la Unión Europea y se desarrollará a lo largo de tres años.

En sus previsiones a más largo plazo, en Nanogap esperan ser parte de la futura red de nanotecnología gallega, formada entre empresas y universidades interesadas en fomentar la colaboración en todos los puntos de la cadena de valor. Las sociedades de capital riesgo Unirisco y Uninvest forman parte del accionariado de esta pyme, que en breve ampliará sus instalaciones trasladándose a nuevas naves situadas en Milladoiro.


fuente: elPaís

http://www.elpais.com/articulo/Galicia/Nanoparticulas/ladrillo/elpepiautgal/20080715elpgal_13/Tes

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